Saudi Arabia Company Registration Process: Step-by-Step Guide for Foreign Investors

Procedure of Company Setup in Saudi Arabia for Foreigners

Saudi Arabia, the largest economy in the Middle East, has undergone significant reforms under its Vision 2030 initiative to diversify its economy and attract foreign investment. These reforms have simplified the process for foreigners to establish businesses in the Kingdom, offering opportunities for 100% foreign ownership in many sectors. This article outlines the step-by-step procedure for foreigners to set up a company in Saudi Arabia, highlighting legal requirements, business structures, and key considerations.

Eligibility for Foreigners

Foreigners can establish a business in Saudi Arabia with 100% ownership in most sectors, thanks to reforms by the Ministry of Investment of Saudi Arabia (MISA), formerly the Saudi Arabian General Investment Authority (SAGIA). However, certain sectors, such as oil exploration, medical services, and real estate investment in Makkah and Madinah, remain restricted or require a Saudi partner.

Procedure

1. Choose a Business Structure

Foreign investors can select from several legal structures, with the most common being:

Limited Liability Company (LLC): Preferred for small to medium-sized businesses, offering limited liability and flexibility in ownership. An LLC can be 100% foreign-owned in many sectors, with no minimum capital requirement in most cases, though MISA determines capital based on business activity.

Branch Office: Suitable for foreign companies expanding into Saudi Arabia without creating a separate legal entity. The parent company remains liable for the branch’s debts.

Joint Stock Company (JSC): Ideal for large-scale businesses, particularly those planning to go public. JSCs require higher capital and regulatory oversight.

Subsidiary: A separate legal entity owned by a foreign company, offering operational independence.

The choice depends on the business’s size, goals, and sector. Consulting with a local business advisor is recommended to align the structure with regulatory requirements.

2. Obtain an Investment License from MISA

The first formal step is securing a foreign investment license from MISA. This license permits legal investment and operation in the Kingdom. The application process involves:

Submitting a detailed business plan outlining the industry, activities, investment amount, and economic benefits (e.g., job creation for Saudi nationals).

Providing financial statements (typically audited for the past 1–2 years) to demonstrate solvency.

Submitting constitutional documents (e.g., commercial license, board resolution) if the shareholder is a foreign company, or KYC documents (e.g., passport copy, residency ID) for individual shareholders.

Paying applicable fees, which vary by license type (e.g., service, trading, industrial).

MISA typically processes applications within 30 business days, assuming documents are complete and accurate. Certain licenses, such as the entrepreneurial license for startups, require an endorsement letter from an authorized entity like an accelerator or university.

3. Reserve a Trade Name and Register with the Ministry of Commerce and Industry (MCI)

After obtaining the MISA license, investors must reserve a unique trade name through the MCI’s online portal. The name must comply with Saudi cultural and legal guidelines (e.g., avoiding religious or offensive terms).

Following name approval, the company is registered with the MCI by submitting:

• MISA license.
• Articles of Association (AoA) and Memorandum of Association (MoA), outlining the company’s structure and objectives.
• Proof of identity for the appointed General Manager (GM).
• Payment of registration fees.

Upon approval, the MCI issues a Commercial Registration (CR) certificate within 7–15 days, serving as the company’s certificate of incorporation and local trade license

4. Secure Business Premises:

From 2023, Saudi Arabia requires foreign companies to establish a regional headquarters or physical presence in the Kingdom to obtain licenses, except in special economic zones (SEZs). For mainland setups, investors must lease a physical office (virtual offices are not permitted for LLCs) and register the address with Wasel, a mandatory government service for local addresses. A municipality license may also be required, depending on the business activity

5. Open a Local Bank Account

A business bank account is essential for financial transactions. Requirements typically include:

• MISA license.
• CR certificate.
• AoA and MoA.
• Proof of address and GM’s identification.

Major banks like Al Rajhi, Saudi National Bank, and Riyad Bank cater to foreign businesses. The process is straightforward but may require an in-person visit by the GM.

6. Register with Government Authorities

Post-incorporation registrations ensure compliance with Saudi regulations:

Zakat, Tax, and Customs Authority (ZATCA): Register for corporate tax (20% on net profit) and VAT (15% on most goods and services). Non-residents may face withholding tax (5–20%).

Ministry of Human Resources and Social Development (HRSD): Register for work visas and permits, complying with Saudization (Nitaqat) requirements, which mandate hiring a percentage of Saudi nationals (5–75%, depending on the sector).

General Organization for Social Insurance (GOSI): Enroll for employee social insurance, mandatory for salary processing.

Chamber of Commerce: Membership provides access to support services and dispute resolution platforms.

7. Obtain Additional Licenses or Permits

Certain industries (e.g., healthcare, construction, food services) require specific permits from relevant authorities, such as the Saudi Food and Drug Authority (SFDA) or the Ministry of Health. Investors must research industry-specific regulations to ensure compliance.

8. Appoint a General Manager and Secure Visas

A GM must be appointed, and if foreign, they require an Iqama (Saudi residency visa). The GM typically visits Saudi Arabia after CR issuance to complete visa processing and open the bank account. The company can then sponsor visas for foreign employees, subject to HRSD approval.

Key Considerations

Saudization Requirements: Businesses must adhere to Nitaqat quotas, which vary by industry and company size. Non-compliance can result in penalties or visa restrictions.

Taxation: Saudi Arabia has no personal income tax, but corporate tax (20%) and VAT (15%) apply. Free zones and SEZs offer tax exemptions.

Cultural Awareness: Understanding Saudi business culture, including respect for prayer times and gender segregation in some settings, is crucial for smooth operations.

Regional Headquarters Requirement: Post-2023, foreign companies without a regional headquarters in Saudi Arabia may face contract restrictions with government entities.

Why Choose SVA?

Navigating the company setup process in Saudi Arabia can be complex, especially for foreigners unfamiliar with local regulations and cultural nuances. The Saudi Visa Authority (SVA) offers expert guidance to streamline this journey, ensuring a seamless and efficient setup. With years of experience in supporting foreign investors, SVA provides end-to-end services, from selecting the optimal business structure to securing MISA licenses, registering with the MCI, and complying with Saudization and tax requirements. Their deep understanding of Vision 2030 reforms and strong relationships with government authorities enable faster processing and fewer errors. By choosing SVA, you gain a trusted partner who minimizes delays, reduces compliance risks, and helps you focus on growing your business in one of the world’s most dynamic markets.

Timelines:

The entire process typically takes 3–6 months, with licensing and CR issuance completed within 40–60 days if documentation is accurate.